Swiss Alpine Pasture Cheese CroûteHome >> Experiences
One of the simplest and most popular Swiss recipes is the croûte au fromage, a hearty celebration of melted Alpine cheese over toasted bread with a hint of garlic and a generous amount of fruit brandy. Delicious and foolproof if you follow my instructions. Here is how I bought the cheese used in this recipe directly from a small cheese-making chalet in the Swiss Alps - 2 hours' walk from where roads stop. We have mountains in Switzerland - lots of them. Some are tall
and spikey like the Matterhorn, but others are low (2000m/6000') and
referred to as montagnes à vaches 'cow mountains', because they
are turned into pastures for cows during the summertime. And this is
where us glutoons start to pay attention, for the very best Swiss cheese is born on these lowly cow-mountains despised by the summit-climbing jocks. Any Swiss worth his cheese knows that good cheese comes from good milk.
You cannot get good milk unless your cows eat a well-diversified diet
of fresh plants. Cows in the plain eat hay and industrial animal food.
No surprise, when this garbage is processed through the cows'
intestines, the resulting milk does not have an impressive taste. But
cows who pasture on alpine meadows - known as alpages - enjoy a diet of the freshest flowers, herbs and grasses. Last week-end I drove up Les Alpettes cow-mountain where the Gruyère county meets Lake Geneva and measured the amazing diversity of the plants growing there. Bunches of wild thyme in full flower made for pinkish patches here and there (picture above). We left the car where the road stops and after two hours' walk we reached a huge meadow with a tiny chalet d'alpage in the middle.
As we drew near, we met the creatures whose milk was turned into cheese inside the chalet. Tiny white goats and the trademark Gruyère cow,
with black and white patches like if you had spilled a gallon of ink on
their backs. The chalet d'alpage (Alpine pasture chalet) was clearly active and I drew near. This chalet is the real thing, well outside of the beaten track, apart from a few hikers and the occasional mountain biker, few tourists ever set foot up there. It is designed to shelter the cows during bad weather and allow a man to leave in it for half the year and make cheese. Some of these chalets have huge war dogs but the dog here was nice and chained. I entered the chalet. The armailli was inside. An armailli [ahrmahyee] is the Swiss equivalent of an American cow-boy. like his US brethren, he wears a distinctive clothing, blue pants and a blue jacket called bretzon [bruh-tzon] and often a small cap like people wear at the synagogue. He had a hat instead. These guys come up to the chalet d'alpage with their cows in the Spring and stay up there the whole summer. They come back down in September. In the Gruyère you will see huge traditional paintings known as poyas [paw-yah] picturing the armailli leading his cow herd up or down the alpage. A very impressive sight when your car gets stuck in the middle of the herd. On a shelf he had the shapes for the tommes. I greeted the armailli, complimented him on his beautiful pasture and healthy cows and asked whether I could buy some cheese. "Sure you can - come on inside", he answered. The man let me into his kitchen, a small place with walls and ceiling black from the heavy smoke of the huge opened fireplace in the back where two gigantic caldrons were hanging. That's were he made his cheese, using the wood for fire. No electricity in these chalets. "where do you get the water from?" I asked. "Water is never a problem. We have four different springs up here. It just streams through.". The caldrons were clearly too heavy for one man to lift and empty outside, and the entire kitchen floor was soaked in whey, which flowed towards the exit and dried. On the table lay the two cheeses he made that day, a goat tomme (front) and a small Gruyère (back). "What sort of cheese do you make?" I asked him. "From time to time I make a Gruyère, but I'm getting fed up with the Gruyère song-and-dance, it's really a tricky cheese to make. This morning I had all sorts of trouble with the acidity level. I'll make a Gruyère only if I have time, otherwise I make vacherins. Do you want to taste some?". Of course I did! "Well then, come on in the back.".We moved to an adjoining windowless room with pebbles on the floor. That's where he ages his cheeses. They were on wooden racks. "I rub them in a saline solution twice a day." We were very far from the hospital-clean industrial cheese factories down in the plains. Here at last was the real thing, the single guy in his chalet making and aging his cheese alone on a mountaintop. I tasted all of his cheeses and bought as much as I could afford with the change I had. Very affordable cheese in fact, but if you're short of change the closest bank is about 4 hours away. I must have spent an hour chatting with this guy about his cheese, really a most decent fellow. I took my cheese with me and walked on until the pasture turned into a cliff. From there in one glance you can see Lake Geneva and the Lake of Neuchâtel with the entire canton of Vaud in the middle. No sound other than the wind across the grass. I lay on the grass and slept in the sun with half Switzerland unfolding below my feet. That was the best thing I did that week.
Swiss Croûtes/Tranches au fromage
Some cheeses melt better than others. You need a full fat hard cheese, if possible unpasteurized, Swiss and au lait d'alpage , milk of cows who pastured an Alpine meadow rather than some crap in a barrel. There is a world of difference in the resulting product, just like for wine or tea. To make a proper croûte you need your bread to be as dry as possible. Ideally use stale bread cut into slices and left uncovered for a few days. Toast two slices of bread or enough to cover the bottom of the hollow oven-resistant plate you will present each of your guests with. Swiss restaurants routinely toast the bread directly on a live gas flame on their stoves, and they always burn it. Nobody complains as it is buried under the cheese but the bitter burnt bread taste is perceivable. So toast it but don't burn it. Cut the garlic clove in half lengthwise, remove the inside stem and scrape it against the bread. Garlic lovers will be tempted to put a whole crushed garlic clove into the croûte but the taste will be overwhelming, you won't digest it so well and after an hour or so you'll be left alone in the room. Sprinkle a tablespoon of fruit brandy over the bread slices. There is nowhere you can hide a poor ingredient in such a simple dish. Use the best fruit brandy you have, a distillation of fermented pears, cherries, quince or apples. I used my bottle of President Mobutu's quince brandy which I bought at his house near Lausanne. The right cheese for a successful croûte should melt nicely. The armailli's Gruyère was just right - not too hard and packing a concentrate of the alpine pasture's grass, herbs and flowers. Cut the cheese in 5mm/0.4'' thick slices and remove the crust. Some people would leave the crust after scraping it but it's good only if you manage to really roast it under a strong broiler, and that is hard to achieve without splitting the cheese into an oily mess. I prepared a second croûte with the Vacherin (picture) although its melting property where not as attractive given its age. Clearly over the hill but you won't find that much taste in any cheese shop even in Switzerland. Cover the bread slices with the cheese and melt in a medium hot oven. Too hot or too long and your cheese will split. Watch carefully, it should be ready in about 5 minutes or so. When the cheese is fully melted take it out and don't wait for oily flecks to appear. Serve hot with a little crushed black pepper or powdered white pepper. Do not drink anything but hot tea or white wine with melted cheese or you'll be sick. This applies also to fondue and raclette, two Swiss dishes related to the croûte au fromage. Many people like to eat pickled onions or cucumbers with Swiss cheese dishes. I hope you liked this little trip in the heart of Switzerland's cheese culture and hope you'll have one day a chance to taste real alpine pasture milk cheese - fromage au lait d'alpage! 173562 views Did you like this article? Leave me a comment or see my most popular articles. Related Articles Swiss Raclette *** Popular Hard Core Swiss Vacherin Cheese *** A night at the Liboson *** A Day Out in the Swiss Alps *** Swiss Alps Ricotta *** Copyright FXcuisine 2024 - all rights reserved. |
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32 Comments
- #1
- Comment by Lyra
This was a wonderful article, reading and looking at the gorgeous pictures of the swiss countryside makes me want to go there. Unfortunately in the summertime it costs so much to fly to Switzerland and to travel there that I cannot afford it. But reading about it is the next best thing. As someone who grew up on an organic farm, I strongly agree with what you say about the quality of milk being dependent on what the cows eat. This can be said for all animal products, and also of course for vegetables and fruits-if you gas them and cover them with pesticides and wax they aren't going to be very good. Thanks for letting us imagine ourselves in the alpine countryside!- #2
- Comment by parshu.narayanan
I have been waiting for Francois, as a proud Swiss National, to take us back to the pages of 'Heidi' and here's the cheese that she and Peter may have eaten and children round the world wondered about ( I did at least, when I was 9). Really interesting.- #3
- Comment by Hannah
What a beautiful post! Oh, for a taste of that cheese...- #4
- Comment by Denis Johnston
I am jealous of your location.I am stuck in Hawaii without any Alps.I throughly enjoy your writings...- #5
- Comment by Penny Lane
Reminds me of Appenzell - the cheese was delicious and it was so much fun to meet the cows in person!- #6
- Comment by waz wallaby
Writing and photos evoke a special place and mouth-watering dish... Thanks- #7
- Comment by Beatrice
FX, you are a bit naughty here... obviously many of your readers are not able to walk into the Alps and buy some Alpkaese. On the other hand, in the morning I'm going to hike up to the nearest Kaeserei in Engelberg and buy some! I always take a good supply of Kleingeld when I hike in case I find a wonderful alm with 2-year-old wheels...- #8
- Comment by Ariun
A wonderful article! You really must come and try the milk and cheese here in Mongolia. The cows wander about eating herbs and grasses too. Mongolian yogurt and milk taste better than any I've ever had, though I admit I've never tried Swiss alpage ones. I wonder how they'd compare...- #9
- Answered by fx
Ariun thanks for your visit! I am certain that cheese from Mongolia must have the same wild herbs taste as our Swiss Alpine cheese. How long to the mature cheeses in Mongolia?- #10
- Comment by Rachel
I went to the swiss alps on a field trip where we learnt about the cheese making. Thank you for reminding us all about it and the beautiful photos!- #11
- Comment by TJ
What store sells the alpine cheese?- #12
- Comment by Jill
My freezer broke down, and right at the back of the top drawer I found a large, soggy bag of "mélange fondue" that my partner brought back from the Migros in Lausanne last time he visited (which might have been a year ago...). So I thought the perfect way to use this past-its-best cheese would be in a croûte of the kind I used to love eating when I lived in Switzerland. A quick google brought up your site, which I have now bookmarked. Thank you for bringing it all back to me. And congratulations on the fluency and accuracy of your English too - I would never have guessed your mother tongue is French.- #13
- Answered by fx
Jill, I am very happy to see my article helped you to turn a forgotten Swiss culinary souvenir into a dish you could eat. Thanks for the praise on my English, alas it is not all that good but God know I try hard!- #14
- Comment by Raymond
Thanks so much for a lovely article. I recently came back to the states after living in Geneva for six years. Switzerland is one of the most beautiful countries in the world. Your story made me miss my adopted country very much. I have taken many walks like the one you have so eloquently described here through the Jura and the alps. My wife just came back from Verbier after a week of skiing with the kids. The one request I had was to bring home some of the cheeses I had fallen in love with while we lived there. Last night I made a beautiful fondue and today for lunch I will make the children your croute au fromage. Thanks for bringing me back!- #15
- Answered by fx
Raymond, thanks for your kinds words! I am glad my article could bring back some of your beloved memories of my country. Maybe you'll come back one day?- #16
- Comment by thuan
The pastural scenery there is so damn beautiful no wonder the cows are happy!- #17
- Answered by fx
Thuan thanks for visiting, I will be back with better pictures of some scenic Swiss pastures later this year.- #18
- Comment by Jason
Amazing!- #19
- Comment by Joanie
I truly enjoyed your article. I just returned from Gryon, Switzerland and ate the Croute in a little non-tourist restaurant Passa Nova in Gryon. The Croute was excellent with a regional white wine. The Swiss mountain cows certainly do produce the finest milk!- #20
- Answered by fx
Joanie, the croûte you had in the restaurant is probably nothing compared to the one you can prepare right in your kitchen with the cheese you have probably bought in Switzerland!- #21
- Comment by Laura
My friend and I are in Zermatt, Switzerland. We read your article before we left the States and thought it would be a great adventure to try and find the chalet. I googled the Les Alpettes cow-mountain and found the Les Alpettes Road, Semsales, Switzerland - sbout 10 miles from where E27 parts from E62 (Rte 9) near the old rte 12. Is this the same? Could you provide directions and/or instructions how we can find the chalet? We have a Swiss Saver Pass (for buses, rail, etc.) Oh yes, and we only speak English. Will that be a problem? Please reply to laurarasmussen@onebox.com. Thank you, LauraEnglish is not spoken but if you are friendly and smiling you'll get a good welcome. Just point at the cheese and wave a banknote if you must, and you'll get to buy some. Please read my other cheesemaking articles for more chalets like this. The season is now over, they bring the cows up from July to September, weather permitting.
- #23
- Comment by jay furman
Having endured the beautiful portraits; both written and visual, I now understand why my Sister in Law has been residing in Lucerne for many years. The beauty of the country, the charm of the smaller or older cities is quite taking. My experiments in haute cuisine have been enhanced by your pieces....carry-on and of course, without any doubt - Bon Appetite!ajf-wisconsin...on call, working less, enjoying in vida de loca.....
- #25
- Comment by W.C.
Francois - Enjoy the articles and want to express admiration and thanks for the very good accompanying photographs. They really bring to life your words, and often make me hungry for the food in the article.W.C.
- #27
- Comment by melit
As a little girl growing up in the tropical countryof the Phillipines,I'm always fascinated by the magnificent
pictures of the Swiss Alps that I see in the glossy calendars.My entry on my friend's "slum book" would read
"Someday,to own a chalet", when asked about my dream.
Some years ago,my sister and my parents took a "Whirlwind trip of Europe",a three weeks tour that took us to Switzerland.Unfortunately,I was not able to buy my dream chalet.
Our group was the noisiest because we are really having a grand time.While having lunch in one of the restaurants,I
commented to the tour guide that the place is so quiet.
And this is what he told us and can't forget,"Switzerland
is politically and financially stable country.People have
no problems,that's why they are so serious and don't smile."
FX can you tell me more about your people? We learn in school that your country is a peace loving nation,the home of the Red Cross.Tell me that the tour guide was wrong.
My love of Switzerland is rekindled in your site
and after 24 years one of my precious possession is still a gold charm bracelet bought in Bucherer with a replica of a Swiss chalet.
Thanks again for your incredible site.
Melit
Southern California,USA
- #29
- Comment by Kristin
This is just the sort of cheesemaking set up I'd love to have!! Pastures and all. Perhaps someday!!- #30
- Comment by faith unasco
I am amazed of a very beautiful scenery all over Switzerland, the making and process of different delicacies of swiss cheese., the landscape wherein you can view the wide landscape for the cows and buffallo.Great country how I wish I could visit you.faith- #31
- Comment by wayne
Merci beaucoup. Great recipe and memories of Verbier.- #32
- Comment by William Bachmann
Lovely story and a better recipe than the one on the Swiss Tourism website ! You made me homesick.....Tell me what you think!
Write a comment below to let me know what you think about my article or ask any question you may have.